The simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA) combines thermogravimetric analysis (TG) with differential thermal analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), enabling simultaneous acquisition of thermogravimetric and differential thermal information from the same sample in a single measurement.
The simultaneous thermal analyzer mainly consists of five parts: the balance unit, sensor, temperature control system, heating furnace, and amplification/recording system.
Balance unit: The balance can be classified into vertical suspension thermal balance, vertical top-loading thermal balance, and horizontal thermal balance.
Sensor: The thermocouple sensors are divided into R-type thermocouple and S-type thermocouple.
Temperature control system: Includes heating wires, facilitating linear temperature increase.
Heating furnace: Furnace types are divided into vertical and horizontal furnace bodies.
Amplification/recording system: Can simultaneously record thermogravimetric and differential thermal information.
The simultaneous thermal analysis combines thermogravimetric analysis with differential thermal analysis, allowing simultaneous acquisition of thermogravimetric and differential thermal signals.
Differential Thermal Analysis (DSC) Principle
During the programmed temperature process (heating/cooling/isothermal and combinations thereof), the differential heat flow between the sample and reference material is measured to characterize all physical and chemical changes related to thermal effects.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) Principle
During the programmed temperature process (heating/cooling/isothermal and combinations thereof), the balance continuously measures changes in the sample's weight and transmits the data to a computer. Plotting time/temperature data yields a thermogravimetric curve, thereby observing the sample's mass change over temperature or time.
By performing a single measurement, both mass change and thermal effect information can be obtained, which is convenient and time-saving. Additionally, requiring less sample material is advantageous, especially for expensive or difficult-to-produce samples.
It eliminates the influence of factors such as weighing, sample uniformity, heating rate consistency, atmospheric pressure, and flow rate differences, enhancing the correlation between TG and DTA/DSC curves.
Analyzing whether a thermal effect corresponds to a mass change helps identify the physicochemical process related to the thermal effect (e.g., distinguishing between melting peaks, crystallization peaks, phase transition peaks, and decomposition peaks, oxidation peaks, etc.).
By real-time tracking of the sample mass change with temperature/time, the current actual mass of the sample (rather than the original mass before measurement) can be used for calculating enthalpy, aiding in accurate calculation of phase transition heat, reaction heat, etc.
The simultaneous thermal analyzer is widely used in fields such as ceramics, glass, metals/alloys, minerals, catalysts, energetic materials, plastic polymers, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and food.
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